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In the 1912 United States Senate elections, held on November 5, Democrats gained control of the Senate from the Republicans. This coincided with Democrat Woodrow Wilson's victory in the presidential election amid a divide in the Republican Party.
Some states elected their Senators directly even before passage of the 17th Amendment in 1913. Oregon pioneered direct election and experimented with different measures over several years until it succeeded in 1907. Soon after, Nebraska followed suit and laid the foundation for other states to adopt measures reflecting the people's will. By 1912, as many as 29 states elected senators either as nominees of their party's primary or in conjunction with a general election.
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Parties | Total Seats | Popular Vote | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Incumbents | Not up | This election | Result | +/- | Vote | % | ||||||
Up | Re-elected | Held | Gained | Lost | ||||||||
Democratic | 46 | 32 | 14 | 7 | 4 | 10 | 3 | 51 | 4 | ? | ?.??% | |
Republican | 48 | 29 | 19 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 9 | 44 | 3 | ? | ?.??% | |
Progressive | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ? | ?.??% | ||
Independent | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ? | ?.??% | ||||
Others | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ? | ?.??% | ||||
Total | 96 | 62 | 34 | 13 | 8 | 13 | 13 | 96 | ? | ?.??% |
Bold state names indicates link to election article. Bold candidates' names indicates winner.
*Asterisks indicate elections in which Senators where selected by some form of direct voting and then subsequently elected by state legislatures.
State | Incumbent | Party | Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|
Alabama | John H. Bankhead | Democratic | Re-elected[1] | John H. Bankhead (Democratic) Unopposed |
Arkansas | Jeff Davis | Democratic | Re-elected[2] | Jeff Davis (Democratic) Unopposed |
Colorado* | Simon Guggenheim | Republican | Retired Democratic gain[3] |
John F. Shafroth (Democratic) 47.34% Clyde Dawson (Republican) 26.8% Frank Catlin (Progressive) 23.48% Mary E. Miller (Prohibition) 2.38% |
Delaware | Harry A. Richardson | Republican | Retired Democratic gain[4] |
Willard Saulsbury, Jr. (Democratic) Unopposed |
Georgia | Augustus Octavius Bacon | Democratic | Re-elected[5] | Augustus Octavius Bacon (Democratic) Unopposed |
Idaho | William Borah | Republican | Re-elected[6] | William Borah (Republican) Unopposed |
Illinois | Shelby Moore Cullom | Republican | Lost renomination[7] Democratic gain[8] |
J. Hamilton Lewis (Democratic) 80.39% Frank H. Funk (Progressive) 10.78% Lawrence Yates Sherman (Republican) 4.41% Abstained 2.45% Bernard Berlyn (Socialist) 1.96% |
Iowa | William S. Kenyon | Republican | Re-elected[9] | William S. Kenyon (Republican) Unopposed |
Kansas* | Charles Curtis | Republican | Lost renomination Democratic gain[10] |
William Howard Thompson (Democratic) 49.34% Walter R. Stubbs (Republican) 43.35% Allan Ricker (Socialist) 7.32% |
Kentucky | Thomas H. Paynter | Democratic | Retired Democratic hold[11] |
Ollie Murray James (Democratic) Unopposed |
Louisiana | Murphy J. Foster | Democratic | Lost renomination Democratic hold[12] |
Joseph E. Ransdell (Democratic) Unopposed |
Maine | Obadiah Gardner | Democratic | Lost re-election Republican gain[13] |
Edwin C. Burleigh (Republican) |
Massachusetts | Winthrop M. Crane | Republican | Retired Republican hold[14] |
John W. Weeks (Republican) Unopposed |
Michigan | William Alden Smith | Republican | Re-elected[15] | William Alden Smith (Republican) Unopposed |
Minnesota* | Knute Nelson | Republican | Re-elected[16] | Knute Nelson (Republican) 62.8% Daniel Lawler (Democratic) 37.2% |
Mississippi | LeRoy Percy | Democratic | Lost renomination Democratic hold[17] |
James K. Vardaman (Democratic) Unopposed |
Montana* | Joseph M. Dixon | Progressive | Lost re-election Democratic gain[18] |
Thomas J. Walsh (Democratic) 32.1% Joseph M. Dixon (Progressive) 41.17% Henry C. Smith (Republican) 26.73% |
Nebraska | Norris Brown | Republican | Lost renomination[19] Republican hold[20] |
George W. Norris (Republican) Ashton C. Shallenberger (Democratic) |
New Hampshire | Henry E. Burnham | Republican | Retired Democratic gain[21] |
Henry F. Hollis (Democratic) 50.94% John H. Bartlett (Republican) 32.62% Henry B. Quinby (Republican) 4.85% Edward Nathan Pearson (Republican) 3.77% Robert P. Bass (Progressive) 3.24% Sherman Everett Burroughs (Republican) 1.35% Gordon Woodbury (Democratic) 0.81% Clarence Carr (Democratic) 0.54% William Swart (Independent) 0.54% |
New Jersey | Frank O. Briggs | Republican | Lost re-election Democratic gain[22] |
William Hughes (Democratic) |
New Mexico | Albert B. Fall | Republican | Re-elected[23] | Albert B. Fall (Republican) Unopposed |
North Carolina | Furnifold McLendel Simmons | Democratic | Re-elected[24] | Furnifold McLendel Simmons (Democratic) Unopposed |
Oklahoma* | Robert Latham Owen | Democratic | Re-elected[25] | Robert Latham Owen (Democratic) 50.43% Joseph Dickerson (Republican) 33.28% John Wills (Socialist) 16.3% |
Oregon* | Jonathan Bourne, Jr. | Republican | Lost renomination and then lost re-election as Progressive Democratic gain[26] |
Harry Lane (Democratic) 30.07% Ben Selling (Republican) 28.79% Jonathan Bourne, Jr. (Progressive) 19.41% Benjamin Ramp (Socialist) 8.31% A. E. Clark (Progressive-WI) 8.3% B. Lee Paget (Prohibition) 5.13% |
Rhode Island | George P. Wetmore | Republican | Retired Republican hold[27] |
LeBaron B. Colt (Republican) Unopposed |
South Carolina | Benjamin Tillman | Democratic | Re-elected | Benjamin Tillman (Democratic) Unopposed |
South Dakota | Robert J. Gamble | Republican | Lost renomination[28] Republican hold[29] |
Thomas Sterling (Republican) Unopposed |
Tennessee | Newell Sanders[30] | Republican | Appointee retired Democratic gain[31] |
John K. Shields (Democratic) Unopposed |
Texas | Joseph Weldon Bailey | Democratic | Retired Democratic hold[32] |
Morris Sheppard (Democratic) Unopposed |
Virginia | Thomas S. Martin | Democratic | Re-elected[33] | Thomas S. Martin (Democratic) Unopposed |
West Virginia | Clarence Wayland Watson | Democratic | Lost re-election Republican gain[34] |
Nathan Goff, Jr. (Republican) |
Wyoming | Francis E. Warren | Republican | Re-elected[35] | Francis E. Warren (Republican) Unopposed |
All of these elections were held in 1913.
Date | State | Incumbent | Party | Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
January 15, 1913 | Colorado Special (Class 3) |
Vacant | Vacant | Charles J. Hughes, Jr. (D) died January 11, 1911. Democratic hold[36] |
Charles S. Thomas (Democratic) Unopposed |
January 23, 1913 | Nevada* Special (Class 1) |
William A. Massey | Republican | Lost re-election Democratic gain[37] |
Key Pittman (Democratic) 39.34% William A. Massey (Republican) 39.78% G. A. Steele (Socialist) 13.73% S. Summerfield (Progressive) 7.15% |
January 24, 1913 | Idaho Special (Class 3) |
Kirtland I. Perky | Democratic | Retired Republican gain[38] |
James H. Brady (Republican) Unopposed |
January 23, 1913 | Tennessee Special (Class 2) |
Newell Sanders | Republican | Appointee retired when successor elected Democratic gain |
William R. Webb (Democratic) |
January 23, 1913 | Texas Special (Class 2) |
Rienzi Melville Johnston | Democratic | Appointee retired when successor elected Democratic hold |
Morris Sheppard (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
January 23, 1913 | Arkansas Special (Class 2) |
John N. Heiskell | Democratic | Appointee retired when successor elected to finish six weeks of term Democratic hold |
William Marmaduke Kavanaugh (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
January 27, 1913 | Arkansas Special (Class 2) |
William Marmaduke Kavanaugh | Democratic | Elected to finish term of posthumously-elected Jeff Davis Democratic hold |
Joseph Taylor Robinson (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
Date | State | Incumbent | Party | Result | Candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
March 26, 1913 | Illinois Special (Class 3) |
Vacant | Vacant | 1909 election of William Lorimer (R) voided July 13, 1912 Republican hold |
Lawrence Yates Sherman (Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
November 4, 1913 | Maryland Special (Class 1) |
William P. Jackson | Republican | Appointee retired when successor elected Democratic gain |
Blair Lee (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
Majority Party: Democratic (51 seats)
Minority Party: Republican (44 seats)
Other Parties: Progressive (1 seat)
Total Seats: 96
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Source: United States Senate Official Website
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